Lubricating composition



Patented Oct. 13, 1942 Carl F. Prutton,

East Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to The Lubri-Zol Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a

corporation or Ohio No Drawing. Application October 4, Serial No. 297,875

31 Claims.

This invention relates as indicated to certain new lubricating compositions having desirable properties not possessed by any previously available lubricant, as well as to certain previously known general types of lubricants which, according to this invention, are so improved that they may be advantageously employed for purposes cents for such uses have generally contained appreciable amounts of certain materials which are decidedly corrosive to the metals with which they have been used. quently to be replaced, such corrosion has been tolerated in order to achieve extreme pressure lubrication and could be tolerated only because the relatively moving metallic surfaces lubricated did not operate in contact with each other for any length of time and accordingly there was no appreciable corrosion of the surfaces of the material being worked.

Most, if not all, of the presently known extreme pressure addition agents employed in lubricants rely upon one form or another of chemical or physico-chemical action between the addition agent and the relatively moving surfaces for the desired extreme pressure effect.

It is generally true that those addition agents which most greatly improve the extreme pressure characteristics of the lubricant are likewise the most chemically active. The sole fact that an addition agent very greatly improves the extreme pressure characteristics of the resultant composition does not in itself, therefore, render such addition agent desirable for all uses since its general corrosive character may, by far, outweigh the beneflcial eflect of the same in imparting extreme pressure characteristics.

When a lubricant is used in the crank case or even the gear cases of automobiles and the like, such cally active to any substantial degree. Otherwise the lubricant will either destroy or at least render inoperative in a very short time the very mechanism it is desired to protect. As above pointed out, if the lubricant is to possess extreme lubricant must not be normally chemi- Although dies had 'frein which they are pressure characteristics it must, however, under the conditions imposed by extreme pressures in use, be chemically or physico-chemically active to a degree on the bearing surfaces in order to prevent seizure and scoring of such surfaces.

In my issued Patent No. 1,986,651 I have provided one solution to this problem, by pointing out that the general stability of the halogenated carbon ring compounds is such that under ordinary conditions they will not hydrolize and cause undesirable corrosion but nevertheless under conditions of extreme pressure and relative movement of the bearing surfaces they are sumciently active to provide the desired extreme pressure characteristics.

As above indicated, there are numerous materials which, on account of their chemical activity, are very efiective in imparting extreme pressure characteristics to a lubricating composition but in the past have not been generally usable for such purpose, particularly when the lubricant boxes and crank cases, and for the very reason of their chemical activity.

In the present-day processes for the refining of mineral lubricating oils to render the same useful under all conditions generally encountered in the field it is customary to carry such refining processes to considerable length in order to insure the removal from the finished lubricant of minor amounts of naturally occurring components which, if not removed, would render the oil undesirably corrosive. These refining processes necessary to thus insure the removal of all or substantially all of the naturally occurring corrosive components generally result, however, in a simultaneous removal or destruction of certain other valuable components in the oil, the absence or destruction of which materially decreases the efiiciency and life of the lubricating composition. In addition, in the case of solventrefined lubricating oils there sometimes remain small amounts of corrosive re-agents in the oils and certain naturally occurring corrosion inhibitors have been removed. All such refining processes are expensive.

It may also be desired to add certain corrosive organic compounds to lubricants to act as pourpoint depressors, anti-oxidants, agents to improve oiliness, etc. The advent of a suitable corrosion inhibitor thus greatly enlarges the field of opportunity to improve lubricants in a wide variety of ways.

It is a principal object of this invention, therefore, to provide a lubricating composition which employed is to be used in gear I position.

employs to advantage thedesirable characteristics of the lubricants or lubricant addition agents but in such manner and in such form that the previously mentioned undesirable characteristics thereof are either entirely eliminated or reduced to such an extent as to be no longer objectionable.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a lubricating composition containing a combination of addition agents in which the effect of at least one of such addition agents is to negative the undesirable characteristics of the other and at the same time cooperate therewith to improve to an exceptional degree its desirable properties. a

It is a still further object of this invention to provide a lubricating composition which employs as its primary constituent or base-a lubricant or oil which heretofore has not been usable as such except upon extensive refinement, thus obtaining a final composition which is not only more economical to produce but which also has superior lubricating properties.

Other objects of this invention will appear as the description proceeds.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, this invention, then, consists of the means hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail certain approved combinations of ingredients embodying my invention, such disclosedmeans constituting, however, but certain of various forms in which the principle of the invention may be used.

This invention, broadly stated, comprises the use in lubricating compositions of suitable oxygen containing organic corrosion inhibitors which render useful for general lubricating purposes cating compositions generally referred to as I greases and which contain appreciable amounts compositions which heretofore, due either to a naturally occurring corrosive component or the presence of an intentionally added component, would not be thus generally useful.

A composition according to the present inventlon can best be described by having reference to the component parts thereof and accordingly in the following description such components will be described in substantially the order of their volumetric participation in the final com- The oil base I The oil base, which in a lubricating-composition formed in accordance with the present invention usually amounts to from about 80% to about 99% of the total composition, may be any suitable lubricating oil such as a mineral lubricating oil derived from the refinement of petroleum 'or any of the so-called non-mineral oils such as animal, vegetable and synthetic oils.

The oil base may be any of the previously mentioned oily materials either in theirnaturally occurring state or after the same havebeen treated by such methods as direct halogenation, more specifically chlorination, or by heating the same with materials such as sulphur and the like to produce a base material containing elements such as any of the halogens, more particularly chlorine, and sulphur and the like either in combined form as in the case Of the halogenated oils or in the form of stable colloidal suspensions as in the case of certain compositions resulting from the heating with the oil of minor amounts of materials such as sulphur.

This invention also relates to the type of lubri- -viscosity of the oil base.

01 some thickening materials such as soap.

The viscosity of the oil base will usually depend upon two principal factors, the first and most important of which is the use to which the finished lubricating composition will be placed, and of sebdhdary importance is the effect of the particular" addition agents. employed upon the For-most purposes a lubricating oil base having a low pour point and low rate of change in viscosity per degree of temperature change of the lubricant will be most desirab1e. However, in this connection it should be pointedjutg-that' certain of the addition agents contemplated in a'ccdifdance with this invention are effective to'impr'ove' the cold test of most oils such as mineral lubricating. oils so that whensuch addition agents are'emp'loyed abase oil having a relatively poor cold test may, because of the improvements in cold-test by addition agents, be entirely satisfactony iiir; use as a base in a composition accordin'g 'to his invention.

While the, so-called, non-mineral oils above identified which are intended to include such oily liquids as the fatty acids, oleic acid, etc., are generally not as desirable for use as the base of the composition as a mineral lubricating oil, nevertheless such non-mineral oils may be used to advantage as,ja substitute for a part of the mineral oil base particularly when certain properties usually resulting from the use of such non mineral oils are desired. More specifically, this invention contemplates the employment of minor amounts of certain of the non-mineral oils as a part of the oil base, and accordingly a component of the final composition, in order to increase the oiliness factor of the finished lubricant. While certain of the so-called non-mineral oils, as well as certain constituents which are sometimes found as naturally occurring components of mineral lubricating oils would normally be so corrosive as to prohibit their use in lubricants employed in crank cases or the like where high temperatures and pressures are encountered, nevertheless the addition of the corrosion inhibitors and stabilizers contemplated by this 'invention makes such component's useful for these purposes.

The primary addition agent the base oil to which they are added. The characteristics of the resultant composition to the achievement of which these so-called primary addition agents are added are generally extreme pressure characteristics, improved cold test, reduced sludge formation and the like.

The relatively unstable halogenated organic compounds which may be employed as addition agents in accordance with the present invention and which, due to their less stable character, hydrolize readily in the presence of the moisture usually found in lubricating oils and thus become corrosive or give up at least part of their combined halogen in some other way, are the halogenated, or more specifically, chlorinated open chain compounds, as well as certain of the less stable halogenated, or more specifically, chlorinated organic ring compounds, e. g., those formed by the addition reaction of an organic ring compound witha halogen.

By corrosive addition agents are generally meant such compounds-as contain or will easily liberate a substance which will spontaneously react in a continuing manner at ordinary temperatures with such metals as are usuallyfound in service. Free sulphur, hydrogen sulphide, free chlorine, and hydrogen chloride are typical examples of such active substances which may be thus released.

Although I do not intend this invention to be limited by any explanation or theory of chemical action, the following is a brief exposition of the theory which best explains the ends obtained by this invention. It is believed that most corrosive action on metals is electrolytic, galvanic cells being set up by the metal and small amounts of impurities contained therein, or by the metals of an alloy, as on the surfaces of alloy bearings. A corrosion inhibitor, according to this invention, is therefore an agent which will form protective insulating films on anodic surfaces or will keep the immersion media at low oxygen concentrations in order to prevent depolarization of the deposited hydrogen which also-provides a protective film. Organic phosphates are thought to inhibit galvanic action by forming protective films and amino compounds have the same effect by preventing the depolarization of deposited hydrogen. Phosphites probably have both effects and this may account for their outstanding merit as corrosion inhibitors.

Any of the commonly available halogenated open chain compounds such as the following are good examples of corrosive addition agents. They are desirable as extreme pressure addition agents and some also tend to lower the pour-point of the lubricant.

The aliphatic halogen compounds, e. g.

CIClz e. g.': CCLi C2C14 CzCls CIHl/Clz e. g.:

C2HC13 CzHCls (C2H4C1) 2O C17H33C12COOH Halogenated complex petroleum products.

In addition to the halogenated open chain comc Ho1o HG] Naphthalene tetrachloride CH4 C HCl-CHC1 Likewise certain halogen substitution products of which the following are examples are more or less corrosivez' Substitution type aromatic compound, e, g.

Chlorbenzoic acid Chlornitrobenzene Benzyl chloride (CsH5CH2C1Y Phenyl ethyl chloride (CsHsCHzCHzCl) Among the more or less corrosive organic sulphur compounds which are of especial advantage as extreme pressure addition agents the following are representative examples:

Highly sulphurized polysulphides (where more than two S atoms are in one chain, e. g.

R-S-SS--R (where R is an organic group, for example an alkyl group such as butyl or lauryl, or an aryl group such as phenyl or benzyl) RNH2.H2S Sulphur chloride treated oils, either mineral or non-mineral Sulphur chloride treated fatty acids.

' of any type which may be added to the lubricant should not exceed about 20% by weight of the lubricating oil base since in most cases more would tend to unduly decrease the viscosity of the composition. For crank case lubrication about .1% to 2%, based on the amount of oil, is a preferred range and for gear lubrication about l-l0% is preferred. Of course some compounds are more active than others and smaller amounts are often effective, even less than .1%. When intended for use in top-oilers for automobile cylinders and the like a larger amount up to five or even ten per cent is often desirable and for certain applications and certain addition agents the amount added maybe much larger, up to about 20%, without unduly reducing the viscosity of the lubricant.

These limitations are also generally applicable to most of the types of addition agents commonly added to lubricating oils. It should be noted, however, that some compounds especially suitable for lowering the pour-point of lubricants need only be added in amounts considerably less than those indicated above.

The corrosion inhibitors These components of the finished lubricating composition are generally referred to as corrosion inhibitors since they are primarily employed for the purpose of rendering non-corrosive either the 011 base or the primary addition agent, or the combination of the same. It should be noted,

'however, that the components hereinbelow given 'of internal combustion engines.

- ployed in percentage of from Guaiacol In general, a lubricating composition in accordance with my invention may comprise a major proportion of a suitable oil base of the character above defined and a total of an effective amount up to 20% by weight, based on the amount of oil, of the previously named primary addition agents along with the necessary amount of the corrosion inhibiting agent. when the corrosion inhibiting agent is itself an extreme pressure addition agent, then a corresponding smaller amount of the corrosive agent need be added.

Generally a finished lubricating composition for uses such as a gear lubricant will preferably contain greater amounts .of the primary or extreme pressure addition agent than lubricating compositions designed for use in the crank cases A Of course the type of compound, its relative activity and the paticular type of gearing, for example, to be lubricated, determines in each case the proportions of the addition agents to be employed. In general, gear lubricants maycontain from about 1% to about 10% of the primary or extreme pressure addition agent, whereas crankcase lubricants generally contain from about to about 5% of the primary or extreme pressure addition agents. These figures are merely intended to indicate the relative amounts of the primary addition agents which are employed for diflferent uses since entirely satisfactory crank case lubricants, for example, may be prepared by the employment of from about .'10% to 2% of the pri-.

mary addition agent.

As previously indicated, the amount of secondary or corrosion inhibiting addition agent varies depending upon the type of primary addition agent with which it is combined, the type of base oil used in compounding the composition and the ultimate use for which the finished lubricant is designed. Broadly, the corrosion inhibitors will be found of utility in percentage of from about .001% to about although for most uses amounts of from .01% to about 2% will be employed. I

When most of the primary addition agents above identified are employed for use in conventional extreme pressure lubricants, the corrosion inhibitor will be used in concentrations of about .05% to about 1%. When the primary addition agent is a halogen compound and the finished lubricating composition is designed for use as a gear lubricant or crank case lubricant, the corrosion inhibitor will generally be emabout .1% to about .25701 Both addition components should of course a the friction between the relatively moving parts of an internal combustion engine, such as crank case bearings, the addition compounds should be stable and preferably capable of distillation at atmospheric pressure without appreciable decomposition.

Some of the more important uses of the varioustypes of compounds disclosed in this application are the following:

(1) Metal drawing and forming operations (here the least stable and most corrosive compounds are permissible).

(2) Gears and bearings under conditions of extreme pressure (requires more stable materials than (1)).

(3) Motor oil for internal combustion engines (the active materials should be more stable than in (2) (4) Top cylinder lubricants (only where the active compounds-are particularly stable).

This application is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending applications Serial No. 737,070, filed July 26, 1934, and Serial No. 119,132, filed January 5, 1937, now Patent No. 2,178,514.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the process herein disclosed or the materials employed in carrying out the process, provided the step or steps stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated step or steps be employed.

I'therei'ore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at C., the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic oxygen containing corrosion inhibitor and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

2. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less thanatmospheric at 0., the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount or an oil-soluble organic oxygen containing corrosion inhibitor and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure propertiesjmparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

3. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the. load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oiladdition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., the effectiveness of which is dependent up its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic oxygen containing corrosion inhibitorand being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

4. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of arefined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclu sion therein of a minor amount of ,astable, oilsoluble chlorine bearing organic extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 170 C., the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic oxygen containing corrosion inhibitor and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent. 7

5. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising essentially a refined mineral lubricating oil which inherently possesses the amount of a stable, oil soluble extreme pressure addition agent the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated under conditions of film rupture as above defined and such 5% of an oil soluble oxygen containing organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., and by the further fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted to the composition by said extreme pressure addition agent.

7. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising essentially a refined mineral lubricating oil which inherently possesses the properties of a satisfactory lubricant for metallic bearing surfaces operating under normal conditions wherein a substantially continuous film of such oil functions as thelubricating medium between the bearing surfaces and which oil is also fortified so as to function satisfactorily under conditions which tend to disrupt such continuous oil film by having dissolved therein from about .1% to about 2%, based on the amount oflubricating oil, of a stable, oil soluble chlorine bearing extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure-less than atmospheric at 140 C., the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemicallyreact with the metallic surfaces to. be lubricated under conditions of film rupture as above defined, and such composition being further characterized by the inclusion therein of from about .05% to about 5% of an oil soluble oxygen containing organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., and by the further fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted to the composition by said extreme pressure addition agent.

8. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising a halogenated organic ring compound the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additioncompos'ition being further characterized by the 1 betweenthe bearing surfaces and which oil isalso fortified so as to function satisfactorily under conditions which tend to disrupt such continuous oil film by having dissolved therein a small amount, less than 20%, based on the amount of lubricating oil, of a stable, oil soluble chlorine bearing extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated under conditions of film rupture as above defined, and such composition being further characterized by the inclusion therein of from about .05% to about ally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at C., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound, and being characterized by the fact'that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

9. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure'less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising a halogen-bearing aromatic compound the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure lessthan atmospheric at 140 C., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially de-' creased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

11. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising naphthalene tetrachloridethe efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140? 0., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme 'pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent. I

12. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral' lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein .of a minor amount of a stable; oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent havvapor pressure-less than" atmospheric at 140 0., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound, and beingcharacterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

14. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantiallyincreased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 0., comprising an aromatic substituted halogenated aliphatic compound the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react '"with the" metallic surfaces to be lubricated," said terized by the fact that the inclusion of such ing a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 0., comprising. a halogen-bearing aromatic compound of the substitution type the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemi-.

cally react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosioninhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising an. organic oxygen containing compound, and

'being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of .such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by saidextreme pres corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

15. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion-therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 0., comprisin an arylated chlor-aliphatic compound the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having' included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C.,

comprising an organicoxygen containing commineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oiloil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at C comprising a compound of the type R-C-X" XIII where R is an aromatic radicle; X is a halogen; and X" and X are hydrogen, an organic radicle or a halogen; the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemicallyreact with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

17.. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C.,

comprising a compoundin which the phenyl group has been substituted for a hydrogen atom pheric at 140 C., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

21. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising .a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent havoiol-soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising a halogenated complex petroleum product the efiectiveness of which is desubstantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressur less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising benzyl chloride the efiectivenessof which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an -oilsoluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound,

' and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent. i

pendent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 0., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

22. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oil- 19. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a, major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising a halogen bearing aliphatic compound the efiect'ivenes of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising an organic oxygen containing compound, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.-

20. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined itor having avapor pressure less than atmossoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at C.,

' the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising a compound of the class consisting of esters and ketones, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties-imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

23. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor'pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor havinga' vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising a compound of the class consisting of esters and ketones derived from the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

24. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its 4 addition agent.

mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying abilityof which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-soluble organic corrosion inhibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric, at 140 0., comprising a substituted phenol, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent.

26. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by, the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil-solubleorganic corrosion in hibitor having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 0., comprising catechol, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure 27. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of aminor amount of a stable, oil soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., the effectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemicallyreact with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount 2,298,688 ability to chemically react with the metallic suring a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 0., comprising guaiacol, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of such corrosion inhibitor therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said extreme pressure addition agent. 28. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a stable, oilsoluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less than atmospheric at 140 C., comprising a halogenated complex petroleum product, the efiectiveness of which is dependent upon its ability to chemically react with the metallic surfaces to be lubricated, saidcomposition additionally having included therein a minor amount of an oil soluble organic corrosion inhibitor comprising a compound of the class consisting of esters and ketones derived from the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons.

29. An'extreme pressure lubricating composi tion comprisinga major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of a naphthalene tetrachloride, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount or catechol, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of said catechol therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said naphthalene tetrachloride.

30. An extreme pressure lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a refined mineral lubricating oil, the load carrying ability of which is substantially increased by the inclusion therein of a minor amount of benzyl chloride, said composition additionally having included therein a minor amount of guaiacol, and being characterized by the fact that the inclusion of said guaiacol therein has not substantially decreased the extreme pressure properties imparted thereto by said benzyl chloride.

31. A new load carrying improving agent for lubricating oils comprising a major amount of a stable oil-soluble extreme pressure addition agent having a vapor pressure less -.than atmospheric at 140 0., and the effectiveness of which as an extreme pressure addition agent is de- I pendent upon its ability to chemically react with metallic surfaces, and from an eflective amount,

up to about 50%, based on the amount ofsaid extreme pressure addition agent, of an oil-soluble organic oxygen containing corrosion inhibitor,, -the effectiveness of said extreme pressure ad- 

